Civil litigation cases can take various forms:

• Contract disputes: parties in a contract even if they reached an agreement could come to find out later that their understandings of said agreement don’t match one way or another. As a result, one or both parties could violate the agreement, which could lead to a breach of contract, in other words, we could definitely say that a contract dispute could occur due to mistakes, misunderstandings or just ignorance. 

• Disputes over property use or ownership: these cases often include easements, right of light, and restrictive covenants, along with property torts such as nuisance and trespass. Additionally, cases may address problems with mortgages or other property charges, the need for injunctions or interdicts, claims of adverse possession, and disputes among co-owners, etc.

• Tort claims: these are the cases where the aggrieved person asks for compensation for injuries sustained by another person’s negligent action or inaction. Car Accidents, Slip and Falls, and Medical Malpractice are a few good examples. A negligence claim must clearly state the basis with clearly articulated facts, demonstrating a lack of care, lack of informed consent/battery, negligent supervision, and a resulting injury to the plaintiff.

• Business and commercial disputes: these cases often include conflicts such as disputes between shareholders, breach of fiduciary duties, unfair competition, defamation, etc.

• Intellectual property disputes : these are the cases where plaintiffs attempt to protect their rights when there is infringement on their patents, trademarks, copyrights or trade secrets. It’s when a creator or company believes that its intellectual property (creation of the mind) is being stolen.

• Employment related contract disputes: There are several employment disputes, among which we can mention the common ones that arise in employment law, such as wrongful termination allegations, discrimination and harassment claims, severance agreements, wage disputes and violation of agreements. The resolution of these cases may include monetary damages, modifications in employment practices, etc.